Media-Transport-Library

Linux VM Setup Guide

We use kvm as hypervisor, as the newer qemu-kvm and kernel support ptp_kvm feature. System real time of VM is synced to host real time with chronyd, the time error between VM and host is about 20ns after synchronization. On host, system real time is adjusted to NIC PF’s PHC time by phy2sys/chronyd, and the PHC time is set by ptp4l to get a correct time from PTP grandmaster.

1. Host machine setup

(CentOS 8 recommended)

1.1. Enable VT-d, VT-x in BIOS

1.2. Enable IOMMU

sudo grubby --update-kernel=ALL --args="intel_iommu=on iommu=pt"
sudo reboot

1.3. Install qemu-kvm

sudo yum groupinstall "Virtualization Host"
sudo yum install virt-manager

1.4. Install latest ICE driver with patches

Please refer to the driver update section in Intel® E810 Series Ethernet Adapter driver guide.

1.5. Create VFs

You can also refer to Run Guide.

# root
echo <num> > /sys/class/net/<interface>/device/sriov_numvfs

1.6. Create a VM

1.6.1. Manually create

Open virt-manager with GUI
Add a vm, choose Ubuntu 20.04 minimal iso
Use bridged network or NAT for default NIC
Specify cpu core, memory, recommend 8 cpus and 8G memory (experimental)
Configure before install, add a pci passthrough device, choose the created vf
Start to install vm as normal Ubuntu

1.6.2. Or create using virt-install

sudo virt-install \
        --name vm0 \
        --vcpus 8 \
        --cpu host-passthrough \
        --ram 8192 \
        --memballoon none \
        --clock offset='localtime' \
        --network default \
        --graphics vnc,listen=0.0.0.0,port=5901 \
        --video=qxl \
        --disk /path_to_img/vm0.qcow2,size=20,bus=sata \
        --cdrom /path_to_img/ubuntu-20.04.iso \
        --boot cdrom,hd \
        --hostdev pci_0000_af_01_4 \
        --hostdev pci_0000_af_01_5

The VFs created are passed into VM by specifying --hostdev pci_0000_xx_xx_x.

After running virt-install command, the viewer will pop up and you can normally install Ubuntu in the GUI.

1.7. PTP setup

Install linuxptp: sudo yum install linuxptp
Configure ptp4l daemon a. you can use any PF port with PHC support to sync time

b. ethtool -T ens801f2 check “PTP Hardware Clock: x” is the phc device in /dev/ptpx

c. (optional) manully run ptp4l
```
  sudo ptp4l -i ens801f2 -m -s -H
```
Configure phc2sys daemon a. (optional) manually run phc2sys
```
  sudo phc2sys -s ens801f2 -m -w
```

1.8. Enable IOMMU for VM

virsh --connect qemu:///system
edit vm0

Add iommu device to devices

  <devices>
      <iommu model='intel'>
          <driver intremap='on' caching_mode='on' iotlb='on'/>
      </iommu>
      ...
  </devices>

Add this to features

  <features>
      <ioapic driver='qemu'/>
      ...
  </features>

Add memtune hard_limit if you passthrough n(>= 2) PFs/VFs to the VM, the size should be “n * memory + 1GB”

  <memory unit='KiB'>8388608</memory>
  <currentMemory unit='KiB'>8388608</currentMemory>
  <memtune>
      <hard_limit unit='KiB'>17825792</hard_limit>
  </memtune>

2. VM setup

(Ubuntu 20.04 )

2.1. Setup build env, refer to build.md

2.2. PTP setup for VM

Enable ptp-kvm kernel module, reboot vm

  sudo bash -c 'echo ptp_kvm > /etc/modules-load.d/ptp_kvm.conf'

Install Chrony

  sudo apt update
  sudo apt install chrony

Change chronyd config to use PHC0:

edit /etc/chrony/chrony.conf, delete lines with “pool …”

add a line refclock PHC /dev/ptp0 poll 2
Restart chronyd
```
  sudo systemctl restart chronyd
```

Check the time sync status, error should be tens of nanoseconds when ready

  chronyc sources

  210 Number of sources = 1
  MS Name/IP address         Stratum Poll Reach LastRx Lastsample
  ==============================================================================
  #* PHC0                          0   2   377     5     -1n[   -2ns] +/-   27ns

2.3. Run RxTxApp with `--utc_offset -37`, refer to run.md

Reference link

Red Hat - ptp_kvm
Linuxptp
TSN - ptp4l,phc2sys
Libvirt - IOMMU

This site is open source. Improve this page.